The Galway Independent together with the Galway SPCA has launched an educational programme in an effort to reduce cruelty to animals. Each week we will put together questions from the public on animal welfare. These questions will cover all animals. It the little things we have to do that makes the big difference in our pets life's like vaccinations, worming, de-fleaing, neutering, proper diet, and exercise that make life so much easier for your pet and you.

Before Christmas we looked at kidney failure and hepatitis in dogs. This week we will look at the same diseases in cats.

Kidney failure is the decline of the function of the kidney, which results in changes to all body systems. The kidneys filter the blood and remove waste, passing it from the body in urine. They also produce hormones that stimulate the red blood cells and look after calcium balance.

Older cats are at a greater risk from kidney failure but there are always exceptions to the rule, so never run the risk of doing nothing if you think it could be the kidneys.

Some of the signs to look out for are decreased urine, vomiting, weakness and a loss of appetite. If your pet has any of these symptoms, it is vital to get it to your vet immediately, so he/she can run tests to verify kidney failure and start medication.

Hepatitis in cats occurs when your cat will not eat for different reasons. Stress, change of food, moving home, health problems and diabetes can all be a factor. Cats that are generally overweight are also at a higher risk. Regardless of the cause, the cat develops over-accumulation of fat within the liver, which blocks normal liver function resulting in hepatitis.

Some of the signs to watch for are vomiting, weight loss, diarrhoea, drooling, jaundice and listlessness. Again, if your cat is overweight and has any of these signs, go to the vet immediately. He/she can run tests and start treatment as quickly as possible. Remember, if your cat is not overweight, don't take a chance; have it checked out for its safety and your peace of mind.

As the weather is rotten and the rivers and lakes are high, do not forget to feed any swans in your area. They may have difficulty getting food and would appreciate any help, as will all wild birds at this time of year. Also, keep an eye on outdoor animals and make sure they are away from the wind. Have good warm bedding and fresh food and water.

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