Q: I have been diagnosed with mild emphysema. Is there anything I can do to stop the condition from getting any worse and alleviate symptoms?

Emphysema is a progressive lung disease that results in shortness of breath and usually reduces capacity for physical activity. The most common cause of emphysema is smoking. A specific type of protein deficiency (AAt) sometimes plays a role. AAt deficiency is a hereditary condition that occurs when you inherit two defective genes, one from each parent.

Risk factors for developing emphysema include age, exposure to second hand smoke, chemical fumes and pollution, HIV infection and some connective tissue disorders.

The most important thing to do is to give up smoking and avoid all pollutants. There are some simple physical and breathing exercises that can also improve breathing. Get advice from a GP, chest specialist, physiotherapist or qualified healthcare professional. It is important that these exercises are done regularly, preferably every day.

Drink plenty of fluids, unless advised otherwise by your GP, to help clear excess mucus from the air passageways. Wear a scarf around your mouth and neck during the cold and wet months and always breath through your nose to protect your lungs. Try to avoid getting the flu and colds as much as possible and develop a healthy lifestyle with plenty of good, nutritious food. Eat small meals more often and avoid dairy products and wheat, as they create mucus in the body. Eat plenty of vegetables and fish and easy to digest foods such as rice. Drink mild herbal teas that are recommended for strengthening lung capacity and digestion. Nettle tea is an excellent choice, as it is full of essential vitamins and minerals. Get the tea from a herbalist as tea bags are not fresh enough. A herbal programme recommended by a qualified herbalist will help alleviate symptoms of emphysema considerably.